ABSTRACT
Aim To explore the anti-psoriatic effects of honokiol on the mouse model induced by imiquimod and the underlying mechanism. Methods The mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, liposome solvent control group, dexamethasone positive group and honokiol high, medium, low dose groups. The progress of the disease was observed by the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). The morphological changes of the skin cells were observed by HE staining, and epidermis thickness was meas-ured. The expression of IL-17, IL-23, JAK, STAT3, TNF-α and NF-κB was semi-quantitively analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared to model group, the scaling and thickness of honokiol treated groups were alleviated. Inflammatory infiltration and micro abscess were reduced. The expressions of IL-17, IL-23, JAK, STAT3, TNF-α and NF-κB in model group were higher than those in honokiol-high and honokiol-medium group in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Honokiol can inhibit imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like lesions in mice by inhibiting the IL-17/IL-23 inflammatory axis.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the changes of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase(SCAD)in hypertensive vascular remodeling and to explore the relationship between SCAD and vascular remodeling in hypertension.METHODS:The spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR;24 weeks old)and Wistar rats(24 weeks old)were used as experimental con-trol groups.The SHR and Wistar rats of 16 weeks old were trained by swimming as experimental groups.The systolic pres-sure was measured periodically.The thickness of vascular wall and the diameter of the vascular lumen were measured.The contents of ROS and ATP,the enzyme activity of SCAD, and the expression of SCAD at mRNA and protein levels in the aorta were determined.The free fatty acid in the serum and aorta was also measured.RESULTS:Compared with Wistar group,the diameter of vascular lumen decreased in SHR group.The thickness of vascular wall,the ratio of vascular wall and the diameter of vascular lumen,and the blood pressure in SHR group were increased significantly(P<0.05).Com-pared with SHR group,the diameter of vascular lumen increased in SHR +swim group.The thickness of vascular wall,the ratio of vascular wall and the diameter of vascular lumen,and the blood pressure in SHR +swim group were decreased sig-nificantly.Compared with control group, the expression of SCAD at mRNA and protein levels, the enzyme activity of SCAD,and the content of ATP were decreased in SHR group.However,the free fatty acid in the serum and aorta,and the content of ROS in the aorta were increased in SHR group.The expression of SCAD at mRNA and protein levels,the en-zyme activity of SCAD,the content of ATP were increased in Wistar +swim group and SHR +swim group.However, the free fatty acid in serum and aorta,and the content of ROS in the aorta were decreased in Wistar +swim group and SHR+swim group.CONCLUSION: Decrease in SCAD expression may be associated with hypertensive vascular remodeling. Swimming training can reverse hypertensive vascular remodeling by increasing the expression of SCAD in the aorta.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the absolute bioavailability of caffeic acid in rats and its intestinal absorption properties.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The absolute bioavailability (Fabs) of caffeic acid was obtained after iv (2 mg x kg(-1)) or ig (10 mg x kg(-1)) administration to rats. The intestinal absorption of caffeic acid was explored by the recirculating vascularly perfused rat intestinal preparation. Caco-2 cell model was applied to measure the permeability of caffeic acid from apical to basolateral said (A-B) and from basolateral to apical said (B-A).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was best to describe the pharmacokinetics of caffeic acid following iv or ig administration. The Fabs of caffeic acid was 14. 7% , and its intestinal absorption was 12.4%. The values of Papp A-->B and Papp B-->A of caffeic acid were retained stable while its concentration was changed. The efflux ratio values in this study surveyed were above 2.0, and suggesting caffeic acid was active transport.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Caffeic acid was shown to have poor permeability across the Caco-2 cells, low intestinal absorption and low oral bioavailability in rats.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Biological Availability , Caco-2 Cells , Caffeic Acids , Metabolism , Pharmacokinetics , Intestinal Absorption , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether heroin can directly induce apoptosis in primary cultured cortical neurons of rat's brain.@*METHODS@#Cultured primary neurons cultures were obtained from cerebral cortex of embryo rats. After 7 days, the cells were incubated with different concentrations of heroin (purity-80%) for 24 hours. The neuronal survival was assessed by cell viability counting with fluorescent diacetate (FDA) staining. The morphological and biochemical changes were observed with Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining and then analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively.@*RESULTS@#After treatment with different concentrations of heroin, the neurons showed a decreased survival rate in a dose dependent manner, and there was a significant difference in the survival rate between the heroin group and the control group (P < 0.05). When exposed to different concentrations of heroin, neurons exhibited the morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, neurite degeneration, network disappearance, condensation and aggregation of nuclear chromatin, and the formation of DNA ladders. With the increase of heroin concentration of rat's brain more apoptotic bodies were seen.@*CONCLUSION@#Heroin can directly induce apoptosis in primary cultured cortical neurons in rat's brain.